Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form.
Login
Don't have an account?
Signup
Error Message

Resources & Guides

All the helpful tips and information you need to start your alternative asset investing journey.
News & Trends
Search icon
June 16, 2023

Wata vs. VGA vs. CGC: Which Video Game Grading Company is Best?

By 
Video game collecting has expanded in popularity, and collectors have several grading services to choose from. Between Wata, VGA, and CGC, which video game grader is best?
Read More...
Categories
What are the Most Expensive Sneakers Ever Sold?
Records

What are the Most Expensive Sneakers Ever Sold?

By 

Photo: Mick Haupt

As the sneaker resale and collecting phenomenon converges with rapidly increasing interest in sports memorabilia, sales of rare sneakers have taken to stratospheric prices. We’re talking six and seven-figures near routinely. Over the last few years, the record books have been rewritten almost entirely. What do those most expensive sneaker record books look like today?

First, we’re counting down the ten most expensive sneakers of all-time, whether they’re sports memorabilia items or deadstock pairs. Spoiler: it concentrates more in the former, but stick around, because we’ll get to a non-memorabilia ranking afterwards. 

Alright, let’s lace up and start unboxing the most incredible sneaker grails in existence.

What are the most expensive sneakers of all-time?

10. Nike Waffle Racing Flat

Sale Price: $437,500

Date Sold: 7/23/2019 (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

Opening up our countdown is a critical piece of Nike history. These racing flats were among the first to feature a critical, early Nike innovation: the waffle sole. Known as the “Moon Shoe”, these were hand-cobbled by early Nike employee Geoff Hollister for runners at the 1972 Olympic Trials. It’s believed that approximately a dozen were made, but this is the only known pair in unworn, deadstock condition. At the time of sale, it was the most expensive sneaker ever sold.

9. Michael Jordan Rookie Season Game-Worn and Dual Signed Jordan 1s

Sale Price: $486,000 

Date Sold: 4/9/2022 (Goldin)

Photo: Goldin

What we’re about to say might shock you. Really, hold onto your hats, because your jaw is about to drop. Michael Jordan accounts for the vast, vast majority of this list. We know. Stunning. Here comes another shocker: a lot of them are Jordan 1s.

This particular pair hails from Jordan’s rookie season, as many of them do, with MEARS providing an LOA for game-use and an LOA from ex-Bulls trainer Mark Pfeil, who originally obtained the sneakers before auctioning them for charity previously. The dual signatures are verified by PSA/DNA. The labeling on the inside of the sneaker “850102-TYPS” suggests the sneakers were made in an early run of production in January or February of 1985 at the factory in Tong Yang. “PS” stands for player sample.

8.  1985 Michael Jordan Player Sample Game-Worn Jordan 1s

Sale Price: $560,000

Date Sold: 5/17/2020 (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

The Last Dance premiered on April 19th of 2020. About a month later, another pair of game-worn Jordan 1s came to Sotheby’s, selling for a then-record of $560,000. They were estimated to sell for just $100,000 -$150,000. The right shoe is signed by Jordan, with authentication from PSA/DNA. MEARS authenticated the game-use.

This pair was labeled “850204-TYPS”, meaning that it was manufactured between February and April, a bit after the previous pair in our countdown.

7. 1985 Michael Jordan Game-Worn and Dual Signed Jordan 1s

Sale Price: $615,000

Date Sold: 8/21/2021 (Heritage)

Can you believe it? Three straight Jordan 1s. Believe us, we’re just getting started. This pair has a particularly fun story, though.

Jordan originally signed and gifted this pair to teammate Gene Banks. Years later, Banks gifted them to San Antonio sportscaster Rick Lozano. Jordan’s original signature had begun to fade from the shoes, so when Lozano saw an opportunity, he took it. Before Game 5 of the 1991 NBA Finals at the Forum against the Lakers (a game that would see Jordan clinch his first title), Lozano interviewed Jordan on camera and asked for him to resign the sneakers. Jordan obliged, boldly signing each toebox and inscribing “1st pair” (a reference to the Jordan 1 being the first model, rather than it being the first specific pair of Jordans he ever wore).

That interaction is captured on video, and the sneakers feature LOA verification from MEARS, Beckett, and PSA/DNA. 

6. 1985 Michael Jordan Game-Worn and Signed “Shattered Backboard” Jordan 1s

Sale Price: $615,000

Date Sold: 8/13/2021 (Christie’s)

Photo: Christie's

The “Shattered Backboard” has become a popular colorway for newly-released Jordan product today, but few know where the orange, black, and white color scheme actually comes from. In August of 1985, Jordan played in an exhibition in Italy, wearing a uniform of that color scheme when he dunked in transition, shattering the backboard into shards of glass sent everywhere. The sneakers he wore in that game, evidenced through clear provenance and photos of Jordan handing them to the consignor, sold at Christie’s in the summer of 2021 for $615,000, which established a record at the time. The dual-signed sneakers even feature glass still embedded in the outsole. 

They were offered for fractional investment on Otis, which was later acquired by Public where they trade today.

5. 1986 Michael Jordan Game-Worn and Signed “Dunk Sole” Jordan 1s

Sale Price: $675,000

Date Sold: 2/26/2022 (Heritage)

Early on in his second season as a pro, Michael Jordan suffered a broken foot, sidelining him for about six months. When he returned, his signature Jordan 1s required modification to better accommodate the injury. One such modification was the use of the sole of a Nike Dunk, which was both softer and wider. 

A pair of those “Dunk Sole” Jordan 1s sold at Heritage in February of 2022, and it was actually photomatched by MeiGray to a specific game against the Milwaukee Bucks. It’s the first instance of a traditional photomatch from a reputable provider in our list. The sneakers bear “860304STPS” labeling on the inner collar, indicative of their later production. 

4. 1997 NBA Finals Game 5 "Flu Game" Jordan-Worn and Signed Jordan XIIs

Sale Price: $1,380,000

Date Sold: 6/14/2023 (Goldin)

Photo: Goldin

"The Flu Game" is an iconic moment of Jordan lore, the type that that reverberates in the memories of fans decades later. You hear "Flu Game", and you can instantly picture images of a doubled over Jordan or Jordan leaning on Scottie for support. Despite being horrifically ill, having spent most of the day vomiting, MJ went out and willed himself to 38 points (including 15 in the fourth quarter) and the Bulls to a victory. Jordan gifted his sneakers to a ball boy, as he often did, who held onto them for 15 years before selling for $104,765 in 2013. Not a bad outcome for whoever bought them back in 2013, though they may have been hoping for more - many expected these to sit atop our rankings when the bidding closed. The sneakers were photomatched to the occasion by MeiGray and Sports Investors Authentication.

3. Earliest Known Regular Season Jordan-Worn & Signed Nike Air Ship

Sale Price: $1,472,000

Date Sold: 10/24/2021 (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

As has been well-documented and discussed by the recent Air movie, Nike pitched Michael Jordan on having his very own signature shoe, which of course would be the Air Jordan. It takes quite some time to get a sneaker into production and to the athlete’s foot, though. In the meantime, Jordan wore the Nike Air Ship during his early days with the Bulls. 

This particular pair was gifted to a Denver Nuggets ball boy in just Jordan’s fifth regular season game ever, though there was also some reason to believe they could’ve been used in even earlier games as well. Many of Jordan’s Air Ships were printed with “Air Jordan” or “Nike Air” on the heel. This particular example is printed with just “Air”, an indication that they were among the very earliest. This sale absolutely shattered the record for the most expensive sneaker ever sold, and it maintained the auction record until this spring.

2. Kanye West Worn Nike Air Yeezy Prototype

Sale Price: $1.8 million

Private Sale (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

We’ll caveat this sale by noting that the transaction was a private sale facilitated by Sotheby’s, making it the only non-auction sale in our list. However, because it was widely publicly known, we opted to include it here.

Before things went even further south with Kanye West, his cultural impact, at the intersection of music and fashion, was undeniable. Yeezy sneakers became a phenomenon, first at Nike and then at Adidas, where they propelled the German sporting giant into a far stronger competitive position here in the United States. In the mid-to-late 2010s, they were the hyped sneakers of the moment. 

Before all of that, Kanye West took to the stage at the 2008 Grammys wearing the Nike Air Yeezy Prototype. The sneaker that preceded an unbelievable journey. That very pair sold for $1.8 million to fractional sneaker investing platform Rares. Rares was unable to fill the massive offering with sufficient investor demand and sought to sell the sneakers privately with Christie’s. However, that choice came just before Ye’s most controversial moments, and Christie’s declined to participate when things went from bad to worse. 

1. 1998 NBA Finals Game 2 Michael Jordan Worn and Signed Jordan XIIIs

Sale Price: $2,238,000

Date Sold: 4/11/2023 (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

Just months after Jordan’s jersey from Game 1 of The Last Dance Finals became the most expensive game-worn sports memorabilia ever sold at $10.1 million, his sneakers from Game 2 became the most expensive sneakers ever sold. Jordan dropped 37 points in a Bulls win before signing his Jordan XIIIs and giving them to a ball boy. The sneakers are photomatched to the occasion by MeiGray. They were estimated to sell for between $2,000,000 and $4,000,000, fetching just one bid to sell for $2,238,000 with fees. Sometimes, all it takes is one bid to execute a sale, and a sale is a sale is a sale. This just happens to be the most expensive one ever.

----------------------------------------

What are the most expensive deadstock sneakers of all-time?

Sneakerheads might look at the above list and conclude that those are basically all more memorabilia item than they are sneaker. Where are the deadstock grails? We’ve got you covered. 

In compiling the list below, we removed any sneakers from consideration if their value was based more on that specific pair’s association with an athlete or individual than on the sneaker itself. So, Jordan branded sneakers aren’t excluded, but they are if it’s a pair that was specifically worn by or made for MJ. 

Just as the above list was almost entirely Michael Jordan-centric, this list lacks variety as well. Let’s get into it, you’ll see what we mean.

10. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

Back in February of 2022, Sotheby’s conducted a special event, auctioning 200 pairs of Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1s, created by the late designer Virgil Abloh. Proceeds were directed to the Virgil Abloh “Post-Modern” Scholarship Fund, an organization that aims to foster equity and inclusion within the fashion industry by providing scholarships to academically promising students of Black, African American, or African descent.

Before his passing in November of 2021, Abloh had designed the sneakers for the Louis Vuitton Spring-Summer 2022 collection. Abloh’s impact on sneakers and fashion was immense, from his Off-White brand and its highly-coveted collaborations with Nike to his time as artistic director at Louis Vuitton. When these special Air Force 1s, clad in the signature Louis Vuitton monogram print, came to auction at Sotheby’s, the reception was astounding. 

Each pair was estimated to sell for between $5,000 and $15,000. That turned out to be just a bit conservative.

All 200 pairs sold….at an average price of $126,662, generating over $25 million in total sales. When this auction took place, there were likely no more than 5-10 six-figure deadstock sneaker auction sales in history. This auction alone saw 162 pairs sell for six-figure sums. Again, it was a rarity for any sneaker to cross $100,000. On that day in February 2022, despite there being 200 identical pairs available, 162 still made it into six-figure territory. Usually, a sneaker would have to be a 1-of-1 or close to it to achieve those heights. Not the case here.

So, as we move down the list, understand that these are not typos or duplicates, but individual sales at these prices. We acknowledge that it makes for a somewhat boring ranking, but the reality is that the power of this sale is undeniable. These sneakers comprise every slot from #10 to #2, and you could argue #1 is a judgment call, but we’ll get there momentarily.

9. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

8. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

7. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

6. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

5. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

4. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $189,000

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

3. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $201,600

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

2. Nike x Louis Vuitton Air Force 1 & Pilot Case

Sale Price: $352,800

Date Sold: 2/9/2022 (Sotheby’s)

1. Nike Waffle Racing Flat

Sale Price: $437,500

Date Sold: 7/23/2019 (Sotheby’s)

Photo: Sotheby's

Look, you could certainly make the case that these are more memorabilia than they are sneaker, and we wouldn’t take you to task for it, but hear us out. This particular pair was in unworn, deadstock condition. While the model was made for athletes at the 1972 Olympic Trials, there is no association here to a specific athlete, and the value isn’t derived from such an association. Now, its value is derived from the fact that it’s a premier piece of early Nike history, but exclusion on those grounds is a slippery slope. It’s often the case that a sneaker model is valuable because it marked a specific cultural moment or innovation for a brand, most often Nike. You wouldn’t exclude original retail releases of the 1985 Jordan 1. Nor would you exclude player editions, friends & family editions, or samples. Should the early and highly limited nature of the Moon Shoes alone merit exclusion? Again, up for debate, but we say no. Isn’t it fitting that some of the earliest Nikes produced sit atop the leaderboard? 

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

Comic Book Grading: Understanding the Basics and Labels
FAQs

Comic Book Grading: Understanding the Basics and Labels

By 
Keenan Flack

As the market for alternative investments continues to expand, comic books have emerged as one of the premier asset classes among collectors and investors. Understanding the grading process and the labels applied to comic books is a critical step for anyone looking to navigate this market. In this article, we'll explore the basics of comic book grading, including the differences between grading agencies, how each label is valued, and what determines which label is applied to a comic book.

The Grading Process

Comic book grading is the process of evaluating a comic book's condition based on a standardized set of criteria. The grading process takes into account factors such as the condition of the cover, the pages, the binding, and the overall appearance of the book. A higher grade indicates a comic book in better condition, while a lower grade signifies more wear and tear. CGC’s grading rubric goes from a familiar Gem Mint 10 to a 0.5 Poor. It describes a 10 as “The highest grade assigned. The collectible must have no evidence of any manufacturing or handling defects.”, whereas the description reads 0.5 “A heavily defaced collectible with a number of major defects. Some pieces will also be missing.”.

Grading is conducted by professional grading companies, and the two most well-known grading agencies in the industry are the Certified Guaranty Company (CGC) and the Comic Book Certification Service (CBCS). Both companies utilize similar grading scales, but there are subtle differences in their methodologies that collectors and investors should be aware of.

Labels and Their Significance

Once a comic book is graded, it is encapsulated in a protective plastic case or a “slab”, and a label is attached to the case to display the grade and other relevant information. The label, commonly referred to as a "slab," serves as a certificate of authenticity and a way to easily identify the grade of the book.

There are different types of labels used by grading agencies, and each label carries its own significance:

Universal (Blue) Label: The most common label used by grading companies, the Universal Label indicates that the comic book is an original and unaltered copy. It is applied to comic books in any condition, from "Mint" to "Poor."

CGC

Signature Series (Yellow) Label: A special label applied to comic books that have been autographed by a creator or contributor and have been authenticated by the grading agency. Signature Series labels often carry a premium in the market due to their unique nature.

CGC

Qualified (Green) Label: The label applied to books with a  “significant defect” that needs further description. Usually, meaning a missing page or marking on the book. May also denote an unauthenticated signature, meaning one that was not supervised by the grading firm.

CGC

Restored (Purple) Label: This label is applied to comic books that have undergone restoration or conservation efforts to improve their appearance or condition. Restored comic books are valued differently from unaltered copies, as restoration can affect the book's long-term value.

CGC

Pedigree (Gold) Label: A label applied to books that come from a collection of great significance. CGC has a list of these 61 “Pedigree Comic Book Collections” that books might potentially belong/have belonged to. Collectible valuations are somewhat dependent on ownership history, also called provenance, so knowing the origin of a book has the potential to alter the value significantly.

CGC

The Value of Grading

Comic book grading provides several benefits to collectors and investors. A graded comic book offers a level of transparency and authenticity that is critical in the market. Grading also helps standardize the condition of comic books, allowing for easier comparison between copies and more accurate price determination.

Additionally, the grade of a comic book can significantly impact its market value. Higher-graded comic books often command higher prices, while lower-graded copies may be more affordable. Ultimately, the grade of a comic book is just one of many factors to consider when making an investment decision.

Deciphering Comic Book Population Reports

Population reports are distributed by grading firms to give collectors a snapshot of their graded population of books at a point in time. Knowing the distribution of grades received by a population of a specific book is very valuable information for collectors.

​By carefully analyzing population reports, collectors can gain valuable insights into the rarity of specific comic books and make informed decisions when buying, selling, or trading. Whether looking for a hidden gem or seeking to understand the relative value of an asset, population reports serve as an essential tool for navigating the ever-evolving world of comic book collecting and investing.

Conclusion

Comic book grading is an essential component of the alternative investment landscape. Understanding the grading process and the significance of different labels can help collectors and investors make more informed decisions as they navigate the exciting world of comic book investing.

Photo Credit: Erik Mclean-Unsplash

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

A Beginner's Guide to Rare Books: Investing and Collecting
FAQs

A Beginner's Guide to Rare Books: Investing and Collecting

By 
Keenan Flack

As the world of alternative assets continues to thrive, rare books stand out as one of the oldest and most enduring forms of collectibles. With their rich history, cultural significance, and potential for appreciation, rare books offer a unique and rewarding investment opportunity for both seasoned collectors and newcomers alike. In this guide, we'll delve into the world of rare book collecting and investing, exploring the key factors to consider and the steps to get started.

The Timeless Allure of Rare Books

Rare books are among the oldest form of collectibles, with a history that spans centuries. Esteemed auction houses, such as Sotheby's and Christie's, both had their origins as book auction houses, a testament to the lasting appeal of rare books.

The allure of rare books lies in their ability to transport readers to different worlds and eras, while also serving as tangible connections to the past. Whether it's a first edition of a literary classic, an illuminated manuscript, or a signed copy of a beloved author's work, rare books are cherished for their historical and artistic value.

Factors That Influence Rarity and Value

When it comes to investing in and collecting rare books, several factors can influence a book's rarity and value:

  1. Edition and Printing: First editions and early printings are often highly sought after by collectors, especially when they represent the initial appearance of a significant literary work.
  2. Condition: The condition of a book plays a critical role in determining its value. Books that are well-preserved, with intact bindings and clean pages, are more likely to command higher prices.
  3. Provenance: A book's provenance, or ownership history, can add to its desirability. Books with notable previous owners or interesting histories have the potential to be more valuable.
  4. Significance: Literary significance, cultural impact, and historical importance can all contribute to a book's value. Works that have left a lasting mark on literature or society are often prized by collectors.
  5. Scarcity: The rarity of a book, based on the number of copies printed or surviving, is a key factor in its value. Books that are scarce or difficult to find are typically more valuable.
  6. Author's Signature: Signed copies or inscribed books can enhance the value of a rare book, especially when the signature or inscription is authenticated.

Starting Your Journey in Rare Book Collecting

Entering the world of rare book collecting can be both exciting and daunting. Here are a few tips to help you get started:

  1. Educate Yourself: Take the time to learn about the world of rare books, including terminology, grading standards, and key authors and genres.
  2. Define Your Interests: Consider what types of books appeal to you. Some collectors focus on specific authors, genres, time periods, or themes. The more you learn about a specific grouping the better equipped you will be to obtain books at or below fair value.
  3. Research and Verify: Before making a purchase, conduct thorough research to verify the authenticity and condition of the book. Seek out reputable dealers and auction houses.
  4. Budget and Plan: Set a budget for your rare book collecting and plan your purchases accordingly. Keep in mind that rare book collecting, as with all collectibles,  should be a long-term endeavor; patience is key here.
  5. Preserve and Protect: Properly store and care for your rare books to preserve their condition. Consider factors such as humidity, light exposure, and handling.

Rare book collecting is a journey of discovery and appreciation, offering the opportunity to connect with history, culture, and the written word. Whether you're an avid reader, a literary enthusiast, or an investor seeking alternative assets, rare books provide a unique and enrich

Photo Credit: Unsplash -- Natalia Y.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

What is PhotoMatching?
FAQs

What is Photomatching?

By 
Keenan Flack

What is photomatching?

Photomatching is a process used to verify the authenticity of sports memorabilia, particularly game-worn jerseys and equipment, by comparing them to photographs taken during games or events. The goal of photomatching is to determine whether a particular item was actually used by an athlete during a specific game or event.

How does photomatching work?

Photomatching involves analyzing high-resolution photographs from games or events to identify unique characteristics or markings on a piece of memorabilia. These unique features can include stains, stitching patterns, wear marks, and other identifiable details. By matching these features to those seen in the photographs, it's possible to confirm that the item was worn or used by the athlete in question during that specific event.

credit: Resolution Photomatching

Why is photomatching important?

Photomatching is an essential tool for verifying the authenticity of sports memorabilia. It helps collectors and investors determine whether an item is genuine and was actually used by an athlete during a game or event. This verification adds value to the item and provides peace of mind for those looking to purchase or invest in sports memorabilia.

Can any item be photomatched?

While photomatching is commonly used for game-worn jerseys, it can also be applied to other types of sports memorabilia, such as helmets, gloves, bats, and balls. However, photomatching is not always possible for every item. It requires clear, high-resolution photographs from the specific game or event, and the item must have unique characteristics or markings that can be matched to those in the photographs.

credit: PSA

Who performs photomatching?

Photomatching is typically performed by specialized authentication companies that have expertise in analyzing sports memorabilia and access to extensive photographic archives. Among the leading companies in the field of photomatching are MeiGray Group and Resolution Photomatching. These companies use advanced techniques to match items to photographs and provide certificates of authenticity for successfully photomatched items. Through their meticulous examination process, both names have become trusted in the sports memorabilia space, helping collectors and investors verify the authenticity of their prized items.

What are some limitations of photomatching?

Photomatching is not foolproof and has some limitations. It relies on the availability of high-quality photographs from the specific game or event, which may not always be available. Additionally, if an item lacks unique characteristics or markings, it may be difficult or impossible to match it to photographs. Finally, photomatching can only verify that an item was used during a specific event; it cannot determine how many times the item was used or whether it was used by the same athlete in other games.

We hope this FAQ has provided valuable information about the process of photomatching. For more information about sports memorabilia and alternative asset investing, explore our other resources and guides on Altan Insights.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

What is an Efficient Market? Are Collectible Markets Inefficient?
FAQs

What is an Efficient Market? Are Collectible Markets Inefficient?

By 
Keenan Flack

An efficient market is one in which asset prices fully reflect all available information, resulting in a fair and accurate representation of an asset's value. In contrast, inefficient markets are those in which information asymmetry, limited liquidity, and other factors may lead to mispricing of assets. In this FAQ, we'll explore the concept of market efficiency and discuss whether collectible markets are considered inefficient.

What is an efficient market?

An efficient market is a financial market where prices accurately reflect all known information about the assets being traded. In an efficient market, it is challenging for investors to achieve excess returns consistently because any new information is quickly incorporated into asset prices, eliminating arbitrage opportunities.


What factors contribute to market efficiency?

Several factors contribute to market efficiency, including a large number of well-informed participants, access to relevant information, low transaction costs, and high liquidity. When these factors are present, new information is rapidly disseminated and reflected in asset prices, leading to greater market efficiency.


How do collectible markets differ from more efficient markets like stocks?

Collectible markets often have lower liquidity than more efficient markets like stocks. Liquidity can play a significant role in a collector's success or failure in realizing optimal value for their collectibles. Many collectible markets are beset by low liquidity, and that's especially the case in times of stress. Additionally, collectible markets may have higher information asymmetry, where some participants have access to more information than others​.


Are collectible markets considered inefficient?

Collectible markets are often considered less efficient than traditional financial markets like stocks and bonds. Factors such as limited liquidity, information asymmetry, and the subjective nature of valuing collectibles can contribute to inefficiency. However, this does not mean that opportunities for profit do not exist; rather, it suggests that pricing discrepancies may persist for longer periods allowing for keen eyed collectors to reap profits.


Can market inefficiencies create opportunities for collectors and investors?

Yes, market inefficiencies can create opportunities for collectors and investors to capitalize on mispricing in collectible markets. For example, if a collector has specialized knowledge about a specific category of collectibles, they may be able to identify undervalued items and profit from their eventual appreciation. However, it's important to exercise caution and conduct thorough research, as inefficiencies can also lead to risks and uncertainties.


We hope this FAQ has provided valuable insights into the concept of market efficiency and how it applies to collectible markets. For more information about collectibles and alternative asset investing, explore our other resources and guides on Altan Insights.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

What Factors Affect Alternative Asset Value?
FAQs

What Factors Affect Alternative Asset Value?

By 
Keenan Flack

The value of alternative assets, such as collectibles, art, and other non-traditional investments, is influenced by a range of factors. These factors include scarcity, liquidity, market sentiment, trends, and catalysts, among others. In this FAQ, we'll explore these factors and how they can affect the value of alternative assets.


How does scarcity affect alternative asset value?

Scarcity is a key trait common among most, if not all, collectible alternative assets of significant value. An asset is considered scarce when it is deficient in quantity or number compared to the demand for the asset. Scarcity can drive up the value of an asset, as collectors and investors are willing to pay a premium for items that are rare and hard to obtain​1


What role does liquidity play in alternative asset value?

Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be bought or sold in the market without significantly affecting its price. Alternative assets with low liquidity may be more challenging to sell quickly and at a fair price, which can affect their overall value. In contrast, assets with high liquidity are generally more accessible to a broader pool of buyers and will not have its value constrained by liquidity.


How does market sentiment and trends affect alternative asset value?

Market sentiment and trends can have a significant impact on the value of alternative assets. The popularity of certain trends, investor sentiment, and supply and demand dynamics all play a role in determining the value of collectible assets. For example, if a particular type of collectible gains widespread popularity, its value may increase as more collectors seek to acquire it. Conversely, negative sentiment or a shift in trends can lead to decreased demand and lower values.


What is a catalyst, and how does it impact alternative asset value?

A catalyst is an event or development that causes a significant change in the value of an asset. Catalysts can be positive or negative, meaning they can cause an asset's value to go up or down. Examples of catalysts for collectible assets include the release of new information about the asset, changes in market conditions, significant auction results, or notable events related to the asset's history or cultural significance. Catalysts are typically expected to drive short-term, rapid changes in value.


Are there any risks associated with the factors affecting alternative asset value?

Yes, there are risks associated with the factors that influence alternative asset value. Market sentiment and trends can be unpredictable, leading to potential fluctuations in value. Additionally, low liquidity can pose challenges for investors looking to exit their positions. It's also important to consider the possibility of changes in the regulatory landscape, economic conditions, or other external factors that could impact the value of alternative assets.


We hope this FAQ has provided valuable insights into the factors that affect alternative asset value. For more information about alternative assets and strategies for successful investing, explore our other resources and guides on Altan Insights.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

Population Reports FAQ
FAQs

Population Reports FAQ

By 
Keenan Flack

What are population reports, and how do they help collectors evaluate the rarity of graded collectibles?

Population reports are data sets that track collectibles graded by individual grading firms. Each offers insight into their rarity and distribution among collectors. By analyzing these reports, collectors can identify the scarcity of each asset; allowing them to come to conclusions about their value. Population reports are a wealth of information when analyzing the assets you already have and ones you would like to own in the future.

How do grading agencies like PSA, Beckett, WATA, CGC, and SGC use population reports to track the scarcity of graded cards, toys, and video games?

Grading agencies like PSA, Beckett, WATA, CGC, and SGC use population reports as a sort of "collectible census" to keep track of graded items' rarity and conditions. They meticulously record each item they grade, noting its condition, category, and any other defining characteristics. Each time an asset is sent to one of these firms to be graded, it is recorded in the population report for other collectors to analyze. By maintaining these detailed population reports, they help buyers and sellers navigate the sometimes untrustworthy nature of collectibles markets.

How can collectors access and interpret population reports to make informed decisions when buying and selling graded collectibles?

Collectors can access population reports through the websites of grading agencies like PSA, Beckett, WATA, CGC, and SGC, where they're often available for free or sometimes offered through a subscription service. Those linked below are free for anyone to take a look!

  1. PSA
  2. Beckett
  3. WATA
  4. CGC
  5. SGC

 These reports guide collectors to their desired collectible's rarity and value. To interpret a population report, collectors can look at individual items, say “1999 #58 Pikachu Red Cheeks Shadowless PSA 8”, in order to understand the rarity of an individual card. You can also research assets more broadly–by category, athlete name, Card Set, etc… Once you have an idea of the supply of an asset, you can then surmise the item's relative value by comparing the population figures; although this must be done with an eye towards demand as well, as it is an equally important factor in the value of an asset. With this knowledge, collectors can confidently negotiate deals, avoid overpaying for items, and spot hidden gems in the wild.

Which factors influence the value of a collectible based on its population report and graded condition?

The value of a collectible based on its population report can be influenced by several factors, including its condition, rarity, and demand within the market. Although just because an asset is rare does not guarantee a high imputed value. The population report merely serves to give a snapshot of supply at a moment in time. It's essential to remember that a collectible's value is not solely determined by the population report; collectors must also consider factors like historical significance, cultural relevance, and the whims of the market. If collectors are able to accurately predict these factors, population reports will allow them the information they need to profitably grow their collection.

How are video game population (WATA) reports unique from the others?

Video game pop reports differ from other categories in that they are broken down in such a way that represents video games as opposed to a broader list of filters. WATA breaks everything down first by console–you can search for games under anything from the Atari 2600 to Xbox 360. Then you can drill down into the “state” of graded games within each console: Sealed (factory sealed), CIB (complete in box), and Cart (loose cartridge). With Sealed being the most rare, followed by CIB and then Cart. 

After being broken down by state, you can drill down into each title. Although, one title will have several different “variants”; each of which is a different printing of the game. For example, each of the below is a unique variant of “NES Super Mario Bros.”. These variants are then broken down again by overall grade (from 1-10) and seal grade (from C+ to A++).

WATA

Each variant of a single title can go for wildly varying prices. In the above, “*Made in Japan, Hangtab - NES-GP - NES Code '' is among the most valuable variants. Due to its rarity, only 7 of the 205 total population, but also since it is from a relatively early printing period before the NES completely took over the North American console market.

How are Comic population (CGC) reports unique from the others?

Comic book population reports are organized in a way dissimilar to other assets. Firstly, by “series title” and “issue #”—these two delineate the graded book from different ones in the series and from alternate series’ altogether.

Once you search by those two parameters, you are met with a list of titles attached to different ‘publisher’, ‘year’, and ‘issue date’. 

CGC

Each publisher is wont to stop and start a series as fan interest waxes and wanes, so for a popular series you will see many different issues, albeit with the same issue #. Clicking into an individual title will give you a detailed look at the population of the asset; broken down not only by grade, but by label as well. The label of the book is a signal as to how we should interpret the grade. CGC assigns the following labels to their graded comic books:

Universal (Blue)

  • The book was graded without any qualifiers or other special considerations. For the most part, these are the most valuable.

Signature Series (Yellow)

  • The book has been signed by “someone of significance to the collectible”—usually the artist or writer—under the direct observation of someone at CGC.

Qualified (Green)

  • The book has a “significant defect” that needs specific description. Usually meaning a missing page or marking on the book. May also denote an unauthenticated signature, meaning one that was not supervised by the grading firm.

Restored (Purple)

  • There is evidence that the book has been repaired so that it appears to be in original condition. These restorations are graded between “slight professional restoration (A-1)” and “extensive amateur restoration (C-5)”.

Pedigree (Gold)

  • The book is part of a CGC recognized pedigree collection. These are one of 61 exceptional collections that hold significant weight in the space. You can find the list of pedigree collections here.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

What are the Most Expensive Video Games of All Time?
Records

What are the Most Expensive Video Games of All Time?

By 
Keenan Flack

We compiled the all-time auction price records for video games as of February 23rd, 2023. Be sure to check back as we update the list as new records are set!

What are the most expensive video games ever sold at auction?

10. 1991 SEGA Genesis (USA) "Sonic the Hedgehog" Sealed Video Game - WATA 9.4/A - $420,000 - September 18, 2021- Goldin

Goldin

As one of the only two non-Nintendo games on the list we have to give Sega some credit for keeping Sonic on the mind of gamers all these years later in spite of losing the console wars around 30 years ago now. It is even more fun when you know that Sonic was created in an effort to compete with Nintendo’s own mascot, Mario. Sonic’s attitudinous, devil-may-care demeanor was meant to appeal to teenaged North American fans.

The company pushed very hard for Sonic to become the face of their brand. “Sonic the Hedgehog” became the bundled game with the Sega Genesis replacing ‘Altered Beast’ (another classic, we might add); in fact Sega even offered those that bought a Genesis with ‘Altered Beast’ a trade-in replacement for Sonic. 

This example is one of 42 graded copies from WATA. Of those, 17 were graded higher. This is a beautiful, well-maintained object, but since it was sold at the height of the video-game market frenzy in 2021 it received a significant premium. To see this record broken we would likely have to see one of the two highest graded copies (WATA 9.8 A++) be sold.

9. John Madden Football - WATA 9.2 A+ Sealed [Cardboard Box], Genesis Electronic Arts 1990 USA - $480,000 - January 28, 2022- Heritage

Heritage

Alright second Genesis game, but also the last. A good one to be sure though, like all the titles on this list the Madden name persists into video gaming today. So much so to the point that most young fans today have no clue that John Madden was a wildly successful NFL coach and broadcaster on top of his achievements in the world of gaming. 

Madden lent not only his name, but his expertise to the game. It began development in 1984 and was not released until four years later in 1988, albeit on the Apple II not the Sega Genesis. The game spent so much time in development due to Madden’s devotion to accuracy. When arguing with EA developers over how the game needed to be 11-on-11, he was quoted as saying “I'm not putting my name on it if it's not real.”. He was thinking of the game as an educational tool for people to better understand the game of football. Madden’s uncompromising attitude led to his game being the football game. 

It is always interesting looking back to see how mega-brands came to be. The Madden name is now indelibly linked with football. Fifa, NHL ( AKA “Chel” *gag*), NBA 2K, MLB The Show. Boring, the whole lot of them. John Madden may have passed away in 2021, but he gets to live on in the PS4's and Xbox One's of football fans everywhere.

WATA has graded 14 copies of the 1990 Genesis version of “John Madden Football” of those 14 there are 8 better. This is another object that isn’t exactly the crème de la crème of graded copies, but when you consider 400,000 copies of this game were sold 1 of 14 ain’t too shabby. Especially when you consider that this copy came from the office of John Madden himself.


8. Super Mario Bros. - WATA 9.4 A Sealed [Hangtab, 2 Code, Mid-Production], NES Nintendo 1985 USA - $492,000 - October 29, 2021- Heritage

Heritage

Although not his first appearance on the small screen, ‘Super Mario Bros.’ on the NES was Mario’s first go-round at being the title character. Released in 1985, just four years after his initial debut in arcade cabinets everywhere in ‘Donkey Kong’.

The industry was in dire straits after the video game crash in 1983. Sega and Nintendo were struggling for games that would renew interest in their consoles; this game did that and more. Cited as the first “killer-app” for the NES, Nintend is said to have sold over 50 million units in the ten years that followed the release. The best selling video game of all time for quite a while, until it was unseated by another Nintendo classic, “Wii Sports”.

“Super Mario Bros.” had 11 unique printings, each differentiated by things like stickers, tabs and text on the box. This example is among the most scarce variants as it was packaged in the span of just a couple of months in 1987; a year where Nintendo sold approximately 1.8 million consoles in North America. In the following four years the Japanese company would sell around 27.54 million units in the region. 

This hangtab version only has 12 graded copies in the WATA population report. Among those there are only two graded higher. In total WATA has graded 205 copies of “Super Mario Bros.” which further illustrates the limited supply of this piece.

7. Super Mario Bros. - WATA 9.6 A+ Sealed [Hangtab, 1 Code, Mid-Production], NES Nintendo 1985 USA - $660,000 - April 2, 2021- Heritage

Heritage

Earlier in 2021 another copy of “Super Mario Bros.” was sold, but for a more impressive sum. This April sale outstripped the last one by about $260,000; the difference can mostly be explained by this box being from an even more scarce set. 

This example is the fourth version of the game that was produced. Known colloquially as “1-code, hangtab”, there are only four graded copies of this print-run, making it a very sought-after collectible. This copy also happened to be the highest graded of those four. Only 8 of the 205 total graded WATA copies received higher than this 9.6, but not a single one of them was printed earlier than our example here.

6. 1985 NES Nintendo (USA) "Super Mario Bros." (Early Production) Two Code Hangtab Sealed Video Game - WATA 9.2/A - $660,000 - September 18, 2021- Goldin

Goldin

I am sure you are getting tired of seeing gaming’s favorite plumber on this list. So we will break up the monotony with a fun fact!

Mario was named after Mario Segale, a prominent Seattle real estate developer who was renting out a warehouse to Nintendo of America. Segale angrily came in to speak to president of Nintendo America, Minoru Arakawa, after they had been late on rent. His name was chosen thereafter by employees who witnessed the heated exchange. So next time you are having a hard time thinking of a name for the main character of a creative project, just go for your landlord’s name! It worked for Nintendo!

But seriously, this example is graded lower than the above #7 on our list, but received a worse grade. What gives? Although this copy is stellar in terms of rarity and quality; you will only be able to find 4 copies graded better from earlier productions. There are 58 copies graded above in total, but many of them belong to later print-runs that are far less valuable.

5. The Legend of Zelda - WATA 8.0 A Sealed [NES TM, No Rev-A, First Production], NES Nintendo 1987 USA - $705,000- October 29, 2021- Heritage

Heritage

Ah, finally! A new entrant to the list. And one that likely holds a special place in the heart of gamers everywhere. In one fell swoop with ‘The Legend of Zelda’, Nintendo launched a tentpole franchise and created one of the most celebrated games of all time. 

Beloved by fans and critics alike, the game went on to sell 6.5 million copies. Further solidifying Nintendo’s brand as the gold standard in video games. 

As far as the rarity of this individual example goes it looks like this: there are only 3 sealed copies of this print-run that are known. 120 of the total 186 graded copies out there received above an 8, but nearly all of those copies are from far less desirable production-runs that came in the late-80s/early-90s.

4. Super Mario Bros. - WATA 9.6 A Sealed [Hangtab, 3 Code, Mid-Production], NES Nintendo 1985 USA - $720,000 - November 4, 2022 - Heritage

Heritage

This example is from the same production run as #8 in the list above. This one received quite a bump up in price, around a $225,000 bump to be exact. Likely due to the simple fact of this example receiving a 9.6 to the 9.4 of the other. 

This early production-run of the game has seen zero copies graded higher. There are only 8 graded higher in the entire population of 205, none of which are from earlier or scarcer releases.

3. 1996 N64 Nintendo 64 (USA) "Super Mario 64" Sealed Video Game - WATA 9.8/A++ - $799,500 - September 18, 2021 - Goldin

Goldin

In the early 1990s during the development of “Star Fox”, legendary Nintendo game developer, Shigeru Miyamoto, imagined how the most recent developments in home console computer chips could lend itself to a 3-D mario game. This idea never came to fruition while working on the SNES, but upon the release of the Nintendo 64 with its more powerful processor and larger controller he was finally able to execute on his vision.

With a team of just fifteen to twenty people Nintendo developed SM64 in just under two years. The game was released alongside the new console to wild success. Nintendo knew they had a hit on their hands–assuming SM64 would be their ‘killer app’ for the console. The marketing budget for the game was set at $20 million and the game went on to do $140 million in gross sales in its first three months in North America. By 2003, 11.9 million units of the game had been sold; Nintendo sold about 32 million units of the N64, so around 37.5% of all consoles had a copy. Not bad!

This example is from the first printing of the game, there are 90 similar copies WATA has graded from this production run. This one however is among the three highest graded copies. It should be said that these three copies are not only the highest graded examples from this production, but from any production. Compared to this example there are zero copies graded higher from any of the 142 sealed copies in the WATA population report.

2. The Legend of Zelda - WATA 9.0 A Sealed [No Rev-A, Round SOQ, Early Production], NES Nintendo 1987 USA - $870,000 - July 9, 2021 - Heritage

Heritage

This copy of “The Legend of Zelda” is a variant that has seen just 4 WATA graded examples in existence. The sale of the same game above at #5 in the list is part of a different variant, but one that is similarly rare. Though when accounting for the difference in sale price of the two assets we can only assume that this one received $165,000 more due to its grade being one full number higher. 

There are no other examples of the original ‘Zelda’ that have come up for public sale like this one. Even with a far lower grade this would still be a sought after piece for any collector in the space. The WATA 9 is simply the cherry on top that propelled this copy to #2 in our list.

1. Super Mario 64 - WATA 9.8 A++ Sealed, N64 Nintendo 1996 USA - $1,560,000 - July 11, 2021 - Heritage

Heritage

Ahh finally made it! Number 1! 

We saw a like-graded copy of this example above at #3 in the list which was sold in September just two months after this $1.5 million sale at Heritage in July of 2021. The two copies are nigh-identical, yet the difference in price represents the most significant disparity in the list among two games.

The frenzied market at the time of these sales likely speaks to the difference, but it is also a good learning on the value of uber-high-quality-grail-objects. When it comes to the best of the best within a certain collectible category it is often very hard to predict the final price when these pieces comes to public sale; bidding action can be frenetic, many times between just two or three deep-pocketed bidders that can send the hammer price soaring over estimate. 

Only time will tell whether or not spending 7-figures on a sealed Mario game will have been a profitable endeavor. The current owner may well have severely overpaid, but whether it is a a Mickey Mantle rookie card selling for $12.6 million or a Warhol canvas going for $195, trophy assets are priced the same way everything else in a market economy is–by way of supply and demand. Except in this case there are only three "supply" to go around, and well, lets just say that is a demand curve that is very hard to draw.

What are the most expensive sales outside of auction houses?

  • 1985 NES Super Mario Bros. Hangtab, NES-GP, Code, No NES TM (No Rev-A, Round SOQ) Wata 9.8/A+ - $2,000,000 - August 16, 2021 - Rally

Fractional platform, Rally, exited their 'Super Mario Bros.' asset for a price of $2 million. Higher than any asset on this list. At the peak of the market insanity around video games in 2021, Rally was in the right place at the right time. They had the foremost asset in video games: a "WATA 9.8 A+ Hangtab Variant Super Mario Bros.". Zero copies graded higher. The examples that also received a WATA 9.8 A+ seal? From variants that are much more abundant.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.

What are the Most Expensive TCG Cards of all time?
Records

What are the Most Expensive TCG Cards of all time?

By 
Keenan Flack

We compiled the all-time auction price records for TCG Cards as of September 25th, 2023. Be sure to check back as we update the list as new records are set!

What are the most expensive Trading Cards ever sold at auction?

12. 1996 Pokémon Japanese Base Set Holo Charizard - No Rarity - #6 PSA 10 - $324,000 - April 16, 2022

PWCC

The Japanese Base Set No Rarity Charizard card is an iconic Pokémon treasure, and its depiction of the dragon Pokémon has reached significant cultural relevance outside of the game. This card, depicting maybe the most famous Pokémon of all time—Charizard, is among the earliest and most coveted copies ever produced. Designed by artist Mitsuhiro Arita, the card's beautiful artwork and holographic finish have made Charizard the most iconic character in Pokémon.

Unlike the English ‘Base Set's 1st Edition’ stamp, which is prominently displayed below the left-hand corner of the artwork, the ‘Japanese Base Set No Rarity’ version is differentiated by the absence of the black rarity star on the bottom right corner. Released two years prior to its English counterpart, the Japanese version of the Base Set showcases the beloved dragon against starlit holofoil pattern—as opposed to the dimmer standard holo foil used by Wizards of the Coast in their later base set.

Only 32 copies of this card graded PSA 9, and just 7 have achieved the coveted PSA 10 designation. With its immaculate edges and corners, as well as a near-pristine holographic surface, this copy stands out as a truly exceptional specimen. Further adding to its allure, the case of this card has been hand-signed by the artist. Is there a better duo than the TCG community and signing the case?

11. 1999 Pokémon Base Set 1st Edition Shadowless Holo Charizard #4 PSA 10 - $349,995 - April 27, 2021

PWCC

Get used to seeing Charizard on this list—I won’t spoil how many times he appears, but this will not be the last time he appears.

Though this card does differ markedly from the above. This is the original printing of the card in English; still using a similar image of Charizard from artist Mitsuhiro Arita, albeit with a slightly less flashy background.

As Charizard cards go, it does not get much better than this one. Beautifully centered, pristine corners and edges, the card is among 123 PSA 10 graded first edition Charizard cards. Which is out of a total of 3,884 total graded; just over 3% of graded first edition Charizards are of similar quality.

10. 1999 Pokémon Base 1st Edition Holo Thick Stamp Shadowless Charizard #4 PSA 10 - $350,100 - December 12, 2020 - PWCC

Here he is again, what did I tell you? First Edition Charizard cards are going to continue appearing on this list. People like dragons, what can we say!

The card’s equivalent in other categories would be cards like ’86 Fleer Jordan or ’52 Topps Mantle. Iconic pieces of cardboard depicting legendary figures. Though in our case, the legendary figure is fictional.

9. 1998 Pokémon Blastoise Commissioned Presentation Galaxy Star Hologram CGC 8.5 - $360,000 - January 14, 2021

Heritage

In 1998, American game publisher Wizards of The Coast was intent on acquiring the rights to Pokémon. During this process they commissioned multiple English mockup cards to show what the franchise’s cards would look like in North America.

Today, four of such cards are known today. Three that feature Blastoise against a non-holo background. And the one we have here, CGC 8.5 graded Holo Blastoise with a blank back. The other three cards had “Magic: The Gathering” Backings (the game that WoTC had been producing for many years prior).

CGC, as well as others in the industry, performed an exhaustive investigation into the voracity of these cards. They determined that all four were printed by WoTC in 1998 to market Pokémon cards to north American consumers.

The value definitely fits in accordance with the rarity and story behind this card. It is possible that this card was the very first Pokemon card printed in English. Before the onset of Pokemon-mania.

8. 1998 Pokémon Japanese Promo Holo Illustrator Pikachu PSA 7 NRMT - $375,000 - February 27, 2021 

(Cert# Deactivated by PSA “due to its use on a known counterfeit in the market)

PWCC

Coro Coro, a Japanese Magazine held a comic drawing contest in January 1998, 39 winners were sent copies of the now infamous “Pikachu Illustrator Card”. Designed by Pikachu’s creator, artist Atsuko Nishida, the card has become the holy grail of Pokémon TCG collecting.

This copy is a PSA 7, funnily enough there are 7 similarly graded copies—as well as 9 graded higher. These cards change hands so infrequently that even a PSA 7 coming to auction is a rare event.

Like many others in this list, the value of this card comes from a number of factors. Fans’ love of the games mascot, the extreme scarcity of these cards, as well as the endearing story of 39 children being rewarded for their creations with a unique image of maybe the most celebrated character in the history of animation.

7. 1999 Pokémon Base Set Shadowless 1st Edition Holo Charizard #4 PSA 10 - $420,000 - March 19, 2022

PWCC

Here he is again, folks. I told you he would be back.

Not much to say that has not been said above on this 1stedition Holo Charizard card. A beautiful example of a legendary character—and so on, and so on.

Charizard has been featured on over 40 different cards from various sets in the series. It is obvious that his fame is on par with the brand itself. Pikachu may be the mascot of Pokemon, but Charizard holds a similar place in the heart of fans and collectors alike.

6. 1998 Pokémon Japanese Promo Silver 2nd-2nd Tournament #2 Trophy Pikachu - PSA GEM MT 10 - $444,000 - September 6, 2023

Goldin

Presented as the second place prize to a series of 1997-98 Japanese Pokemon TCG tournaments, it is rumored that only 14 copies of this card exist. Each runner-up of each of these events received one, but today? There are only five that exist in the PSA pop report. This example is one of two GEM MT 10 grades, along with two PSA 9s and one PSA 6. 

Aside from the interesting backstory and scarcity, another factor propelling this card’s valuation is its artist. Drawn by Mitshuhiro Arita the prolific Pokemon TCG artist known for his work on the 1999 base set Charizard.

This confluence of factors have made this card become among the most sought after cards in the game. 

5. Pokémon "Pikachu" Illustrator Unnumbered Promo CoroCoro Comics CGC Trading Card Game - CGC Gem Mint 10 - $495,000 - September 23, 2023

Heritage

The previous Pikachu Illustrator in this list, a PSA 7 copy, sold for $375,000 in the throes of the bubbliest moments in TCG; it only found a price $100,000 less than this CGC 10. 

Of the 39 of these cards we know to be printed, we were able to find 37 in population reports: 26 graded by PSA, 9 graded by CGC, and 2 graded by BGS. Just five of those received GEM MT 10 grades, four at CGC and one at PSA. The PSA copy was the highest valued TCG card in existence, when it was privately sold to Logan Paul for $5,275,000 in 2022.

The sale of this nearly half-a-million-dollar card is evidence that the value of grails can hold up even in uncertain economic climates.

4. 1993 Magic The Gathering MTG Alpha Black Lotus R A AUTO PSA 10 - $511,100 - January 27, 2021

eBay

“The Alpha Black Lotus” is the cream of the crop when it comes to Magic cards. This particular card, graded as PSA 10 Gem Mint, surpassed all other TCG card price records at the time with this eBay sale.

The bidding for this extraordinary card reached incredible heights, eventually selling for an astounding $511,100. The Alpha Black Lotus Masterpiece is a testament to the enduring legacy of Magic: The Gathering as one of the most influential and beloved TCGs of all time.

It bears the signature of the artist who drew the image of the Black Lotus, Christopher Rush. A prolific illustrator within the series, cards with his signature are especially valuable due to his stature in the scene.

Showcasing the elegance and mystique of the Alpha Black Lotus, this PSA 10 Gem Mint card is an unparalleled treasure in the world of TCG. Combining artistry, history, and rarity, the Alpha Black Lotus Masterpiece firmly establishes its position as the fourth most expensive trading card of all time. As a symbol of Magic: The Gathering's enduring impact and appeal, this exceptional card is a prized addition to any collector's portfolio, and an unforgettable piece of TCG history that will continue to fascinate enthusiasts and investors for generations to come.

3. 1993 Magic The Gathering MTG Alpha Black Lotus Auto PSA 10 - signed on case by Christopher Rush - $540,000 - March 16, 2023

PWCC

Behold, the one card that keeps coming back to enchant us all: the Alpha Black Lotus. As if we hadn't gushed enough about this card already, it seems that Magic: The Gathering (MTG) collectors just can't help but dig into their pockets and to show their love for this piece of TCG history.

This particular gem of an Alpha Black Lotus boasts not only a PSA 10 GEM MINT grade but also a signature by the late Christopher Rush on the case, making it an extraordinary piece of MTG memorabilia. It's easy to see why so many desire to possess a fragment of the enchantment that has sparked the creation of numerous other TCGs, most notably the beloved and recurring list favorite, Pokémon.

2. Magic: The Gathering Artist Proof Black Lotus Limited Edition (Beta) CGC 8.5 - Signed by Christopher Rush - $615,000 - March 24, 2023

Heritage

Feast your eyes on yet another astounding Magic: The Gathering gem – the Artist Proof Black Lotus Limited Edition (Beta). For those of you at home who have been keeping count, this marks the third Black Lotus card on our list, solidifying its status as the magical flower that just keeps on giving.

This card is a so-called artist proof, similar to the blank-backed Blastoise above in the list, it was created so that the team could better understand how the card would come together in a final product. This is to say that the card was not designed for mass printing, making it all the more rare—and therefore all the more valuable. Like others in this list much of the allure of this card comes in the form of a signature, specifically, the signature of Christopher Rush (this time directly on the card, thankfully), the legendary artist responsible for over 100 cards in the MTG series. Graded by CGC with a "blue" label and a NM/Mint+ 8.5 rating, this card is a gorgeous example of the simple beauty that is present in so many MTG card images.

The past three in the list have been the only non Pokemon cards represented here. Obviously MTG is a powerhouse brand in its own right, but to compete with Pokémon they all required an artist signature to push them up to the top. MTG folks cannot seem to get enough of this Christopher Rush guy.

Sign it on the card, sign it on the case, if your name is Christopher Rush, you can sign it any old place!

1. 1998 Pokémon Japanese Rare Holofoil Illustrator Pikachu – The Swirllustrator Pedigree – CGC 9.5 – Pop 1 - $672,000 - October 10, 2022

Goldin

In the world of Pokémon, there's no denying that Pikachu is the most beloved and iconic mascot. With its rosy cheeks and happy-go-lucky demeanor, Pikachu has captured the hearts of millions. And with this card, it seems Pikachu's charm knows no bounds, propelling it to the heights of Pokémon card value.

The Swirllustrator Pedigree, graded CGC GEM MINT 9.5, is the only card of its kind at this tier, making it a truly exceptional piece. Just like the Artist Proof Black Lotus Limited Edition (Beta) card we mentioned earlier, this Pikachu card comes with a special touch – a "doubleswirl" variant that is somewhere between an intended variation and a misprint, resulting in a unique alignment of the foil background. If you inspect the left of the image you will see a cluster of stars (or a swirl) that does not appear in standard illustrator Pikachu cards. The CGC has even certified "The Swirllustrator" as the official pedigree of the card, further amplifying its rarity and appeal.

As you may recall, another example of the Illustrator Pikachu card made an appearance earlier on this list. This specific card, however, stands out not only for its unique double swirl but also due to its grade being a CGC 9.5—nearly perfect. This card perfectly captures the spirit of the Pokémon franchise and the enduring resonance of its most iconic character.

Whether you're an MTG fan with an appreciation for Christopher Rush's signed creations or a die-hard Pokémon fan on a mission to catch 'em all, one universal truth stands: the fascination with trading cards transcends the confines of their respective games and unites collectors in their shared pursuit of exceptional and eye-catching treasures.

What are the most expensive sales outside of auction houses?

  • 1998 Pikachu-Holo Illustrator Nintendo Pokémon Japanese Promo - $5,275,000 - July 2022- Private

Private sales usually account for the highest end of sales in every collectible category, but since these sales are usually unconfirmed without hard data, we elected to leave them off of the main list.

The purchase of this card in particular was documented by renowned youtuber and less-renowned boxer, Logan Paul. If you are curious as to how he obtained this card. Look no further.

  • 2023 MTG Lord of The Rings The One Ring Tales of The Middle Earth 1/1- $2,000,000 - August 2023- Private

A collector named Brook Trafton pulled 'The One Ring' card, which was bountied at $1 million by Dave & Adam's card world. He got it graded by PSA, where it received a grade of MINT 9. Shortly thereafter, Trafton found himself selling the card for double that sum to none other than Post Malone. $2 million for a Magic card sets it as the second highest price in TCG of all time. As it is a private sale, we didn't include it on the list itself.

Enjoyed this article? Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter to receive more like it in your inbox weekly!

Disclaimer: You understand that by reading Altan Insights, you are not receiving financial advice. No content published here constitutes a recommendation that any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy is suitable for any specific person. You further understand that the author(s) are not advising you personally concerning the nature, potential, value or suitability of any particular security, transaction, or investment strategy. You alone are solely responsible for determining whether an investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service, is appropriate or suitable for you based on your investment objectives and personal financial situation. Please speak with a financial advisor to understand if the risks inherent in trading are appropriate for you. Trade at your own risk.

All information provided by Altan Insights is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance of an index or asset is not an indication or guarantee of future results.